The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton for their pioneering work in artificial neural networks. These networks were inspired by studies of biological neurons and were modeled on their dynamics. John Hopfield later developed the Hopfield network, which can store patterns and generate new ones. Geoffrey Hinton, on the other hand, extended Hopfield’s ideas to create Boltzmann machines, which laid the groundwork for modern generative AI. Furthermore, Hinton helped advance the backpropagation algorithm, which allows neural networks to select weights based on their performance. These advancements have made it possible for AI to enable simulations of systems from molecules to the Earth’s climate, and are expected to promote human well-being and build a more sustainable world.
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